The nitrifying process of bacteria is the most important phase in Nature Aquarium filtration systems. In this process, toxic ammonia or nitrous acid are decomposed and become harmless nitrate. BIO-RIO is a mixture of porous filtration materials, each with its own unique function. Volcanic rock has a large surface area, ideal for the propagation of aerobic bacteria. Kikou Rock contains various minerals and diluted trace elements and serves to activate the water. Japanese Oak charcoal absorbs acidic substances and further promotes the colonization of beneficial bacteria.
NA Carbon is used primarily when the aquarium is first set up. Activated carbon exhausts its absorption capabilities fairly quickly- usually after just a few weeks. Afer that period of time, it is OK to leave NA carbon in the filter as it will simply become additional surface area for beneficial nitrifying bacteria. Or you may choose to replace NA Carbon with additional biological filter media, such as ADA BIO RIO.
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